TENS stands for Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation. A TENS machine can be used as soon as your labour starts and works by assisting your body to produce its own natural pain relief called endorphins. It is a small battery-powered machine which can fit in your hand or be hung around your neck.
The TENS produces a current sent through your body via sticky pads on your back, stimulating your nerves. This works in two ways:
- Your body starts creating endorphins.
- It disrupts pain signals to the brain.
How Do I Use It?
Your TENS machine pack should include:
- TENS machine, with batteries inside
- Pack of sticky gel pads (unopened)
- Spare batteries
- Instruction leaflet
Pad Placement:
- Attach two gel pads at the level of your bra strap, either side of your spine, and connect to the machine.
- Place the next two pads at the top of your knickers line, either side of your spine, and connect to the machine.
- You can re-use the gel pads on yourself, meaning you can take it on and off as required in labour.
Effective use of the TENS machine depends on good placement of the pads.
Why Should I Use It?
From the start of your contractions, the TENS provides a constant, low-level current which you can increase at your own pace. As contractions regulate and become more intense, a “boost” button can be used to block pain signals during each contraction.
A TENS machine is safe for you and your baby when positioned correctly and used when labour starts. It is not recommended if you have a pacemaker or heart rhythm disorder; speak to your GP or consultant for medical advice if you are concerned. Do not use on broken skin. TENS cannot be used in water; it needs to be removed for baths, showers, or birthing pools, but is easy to remove and replace later.
What Does It Feel Like?
Benefits include reduced back ache and back pain; the machine is portable and easy to use, helping you stay mobile, especially in early labour.
There is currently insufficient evidence to strongly recommend the use of TENS in labour; NICE guidance (2014) suggests limiting use to early labour only. Further reviews and educational opinions suggest a positive relationship between TENS use, control during labour and birth, the birthing environment, and positive birthing experiences. Women have suggested a TENS machine enables them to actively take part in their pain relief and supports their independence and choice.
The pads are cold and sticky when first applied, but warm up quickly. The current feels “buzzy” or “fizzy” on your back, like an electric toothbrush against your skin. You set the level and intensity; it shouldn’t hurt. As labour builds, you can control the TENS machine to work for you.